Title Multipla skleroza u djece Title (english) Multiple sclerosis in children Author Melanija Barbir Mentor Nina Barišić (mentor)Committee member Dorian Tješić-Drinković (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Nina Barišić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2015-07-15, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Multipla skleroza kronična je upalna autoimunosna bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava. Karakterizira je demijelizacija, upalni perivaskularni infiltrati, oštećenje bijele tvari te kroničan tijek s relapsima. Nalaz sklerotičnih plakova oštrih rubova smatramo
patognomoničnim oštećenjem u multiploj sklerozi. Multipla skleroza u djece rijetka je bolest, a definiramo je pojavom bolesti prije 18. godine života. Bolest se obično manifestira oko 15. godine, a početak prije 10. godine vrlo je rijedak. Češće se pojavljuje u ženske djece. Etiologija je bolesti nepoznata te se danas smatra da je multipla skleroza multifaktorska bolest uzrokovana djelovanjem nekoliko različitih čimbenika, kao što su genska predispozicija, okolišni čimbenici i izloženost virusima tijekom
djetinjstva. Glavni proces čini infiltracija upalnih stanica u središnji živčani sustav koje posljedično dovode do destrukcije mijelina i oštećenja aksona. Ovisno o specifičnom području živčanog sustava koje je zahvaćeno akutnom upalom i demijelizacijom, bolest se manifestira različitim simptomima i znakovima poput mišićne slabosti, spastične parapareza ili tetrapareze, ataksije, vrtoglavice, glavobolje, parestezije. Česti su simptomi poremećaja vida koji uključuju dvoslike, smanjenje vidne oštrine i
iznenadni gubitak vida. Sveobuhvatna obrada pacijenta koja uključuje anamnezu, klinički pregled, laboratorijske testove te magnetsku rezonancu pomažu u postavljanju točne dijagnoze i isključivanju ostalih neuroloških bolest koje su češće u toj dobi poput akutnoga diseminiranog encefalomijelitisa (ADEM). Tijek multiple skleroze individualan je kod svakog pojedinog djeteta, ali je bitno što ranije prepoznati i dijagnosticirati bolest te započeti odgovarajuće liječenje imunomodulacijskim lijekovima prije negoli nastupe ireverzibilna neurološka oštećenja.
Abstract (english) Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by demyelination, perivascular infiltrates, destruction of the white matter and chronic course with relapses. The finding of sclerotic plaques with sharp edges is considered to be the pathognomonic damage in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis in children is a rare disease, and it is defined as the appearance of the disease before the age of 18. The disease usually manifests around age of 15, while the beginning before age of 10 is very rare. It is more common in female children. The etiology of the disease is unknown, but it is considered to be a multifactorial disease caused by number of different factors, such as genetic predisposition, environmental factors and exposure to viruses during childhood. The main process include the infiltration of central nervous system by inflammatory cells which consequently leads to destruction of myelin and axonal damage. Depending on the specific area of the nervous system that is being affected by acute inflammation and demyelination, the disease manifests with different symptoms and signs such as muscle weakness, spastic paraparesis or tetraparesis, ataxia, vertigo, headaches or paresthesia. Common symptoms are visual disturbances including diplopia, reduction of visual acuity and sudden vision loss. Patients medical history, clinical examination, laboratory tests and magnetic resonance imaging are used to diagnose this disease and exclude other neurological diseases that are often at this age, for example acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). The course of multiple sclerosis is individual in every child, but it is important to recognize and diagnose the disease and start the appropriate treatment with immunomodulatory drugs as soon as possible, before the onset of irreversible neurological damage.
Keywords
multipla skleroza
djeca
akutnih diseminirani encefalomijlitis
Keywords (english)
multiple sclerosis
children
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:898266 Study programme Title: Medicine Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution Terms of use Created on 2016-12-06 10:43:20
