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Detekcija metastatskog tkiva na patohistološkim slikama presjeka limfnih čvorova uporabom dubokog učenja
Detekcija metastatskog tkiva na patohistološkim slikama presjeka limfnih čvorova uporabom dubokog učenja
Andrija Miličević
Algoritmi umjetne inteligencije omogućuju računalima obavljanje inteligentnih zadataka. Veliki doprinos umjetne inteligencije očekuje se u medicini gdje bi ovakvi algoritmi mogli postati standard u svakodnevnom radu liječnika. Patologija je grana medicine koja se bavi proučavanjem bolesti, a velik dio posla odnosi se na mikroskopsku dijagnostiku bolesti, što znači da patolozi rade sa slikama. Duboke neuronske mreže inspirirane su načinom kako mozak obrađuje informacije, a posebno...
Diabesity: obesity as a risk for diabetes mellitus type 2
Diabesity: obesity as a risk for diabetes mellitus type 2
Anja Belavić
Obesity has long been considered a product of the modern life style in developed countries. Its increasing frequency in developing countries, however, points to a global paradox: a double burden of a still unsolved problem of malnutrition and of the epidemic of obesity and its comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Worldwide obesity has almost doubled since 1980. Our aim was to determine how prevalent overweight and obesity was in a population of...
Diabetes as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases
Diabetes as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases
Laura Tomić
Both diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases have become major health challenges worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is now known to be a major risk factor for cognitive decline, dementia and Parkinson’s disease. It has also been shown that the risk of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration is not only seen in diabetic patients, but it is also increased in patients with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. Chronic hyperglycemia suppresses substantia nigra dopaminergic neuronal firing and...
Diabetes mellitus u trudnoći
Diabetes mellitus u trudnoći
Luka Zrinski
Diabetes melitus je širok javnozdravstveni problem koji u posljednjih nekoliko desetaka godina, s naglaskom na 21. stoljeće, dobiva sve više na važnosti. Tijekom prošlosti već je primijećeno da trudnice koje boluju od dijabetesa rađaju makrosomnu djecu, to jest djecu koja pri porodu teže više od 4 kg. Osim te činjenice, koja sama po sebi otežava porod i povećava rizik od nepovoljnih ishoda trudnoće, postoje i mnoge komplikacije, i za majku i za dijete, koje se mogu razviti kao...
Diagnosis and treatment of bulimia
Diagnosis and treatment of bulimia
Ana Blaženka Zorić
An eating disorder is a type of psychiatric illness where the behavioural pattern of an individual, with regards to eating, negatively affects his or her mental and physical health. One of these disorders is bulimia nervosa, also known simply as bulimia. Bulimia is characterized by the classic cycle of binge eating followed by purging. This diagnosis in itself can be challenging to make because it involves careful consideration of other disorders and fulfilment of certain criteria according...
Diagnostic criteria for early onset neonatal sepsis
Diagnostic criteria for early onset neonatal sepsis
Branimir Klobučar
Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality worldwide. Unlike in the adult population, there is a large variability in the clinical picture and therefore the difficulty to recognize and diagnose neonatal sepsis. In addition to this, there is a lack of clear diagnostic criteria that would aide clinicians in diagnosis and rapid treatment of sepsis. There has been much ongoing research in this area without any striking success. Neonatal sepsis can be divided into...
Diagnostic criteria for late onset neonatal sepsis
Diagnostic criteria for late onset neonatal sepsis
Gustaf Sebastian Edström
Late-onset neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Late-onset sepsis is usually defined as sepsis >72 hours after birth. Low birth weight and gestational age are inversely related to the development of late-onset sepsis. Gram-positive organisms appear to be the cause of the majority of the infections. Particularly coagulase-negative staphylococci have been implicated in late-onset neonatal sepsis. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the...
Diagnostic difficulty in family medicine in relation to patient safety
Diagnostic difficulty in family medicine in relation to patient safety
Laure Perraut
Patient safety is a new healthcare discipline that emphasizes the reporting, analysis, and prevention of medical error that often leads to adverse healthcare events. According to research, 60 to 80% of all identified errors could be considered as preventable, making patient safety an area of growing interest both in public as well as among health care professionals. Most experience of medical error has been gained from the secondary care environment, but little is known about the situation...
Diagnostic procedures in anisocoria
Diagnostic procedures in anisocoria
Steven Golod
This paper is a narrative review of the literature regarding diagnostic procedures in anisocoria. Due to the many technological and pharmacological advances made in modern day medicine, an accurate diagnosis is sine qua non. Patients displaying acute pupil irregularities are an increased risk for life threating conditions. Workup of acute anisocoria frequently involves costly and/or invasive procedures, which has resulted in much debate over practical guidelines on how to handle abnormal...
Dieulafoy lezija kao uzrok krvarenja iz probavnog sustava
Dieulafoy lezija kao uzrok krvarenja iz probavnog sustava
Lorna Čorak
Dieulafoy lezija rijedak je, ali važan uzrok krvarenja iz probavnog sustava. To je arterija koja unatoč perifernom submukoznom tijeku unutar stjenke gastrointestinalnog sustava zadržava konstantan promjer, što ju čini podložnom oštećenju. Većina lezija nalazi se u proksimalnom dijelu želuca, duž male krivine zbog posebne vaskularne arhitekture tog područja, ali nalazimo ih i u jednjaku te tankom i debelom crijevu. Karakteristična klinička prezentacija je burna sa simptomima...
Diferencijalna dijagnostika i liječenje opsesivno kompulzivnog poremećaja
Diferencijalna dijagnostika i liječenje opsesivno kompulzivnog poremećaja
Petra Švarc
Opsesivno-kompulzivni poremećaj (OKP) četvrti je po učestalosti psihijatrijski poremećaj što ga, udruženo s kroničnim tijekom te pojavom prvih simptoma u mlađoj odrasloj dobi, čini značajnim uzročnikom morbiditeta u populaciji. OKP se svrstava u skupinu anksioznih poremećaja te se u Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji bolesti (MKB-10) nalazi pod oznakom F42. MKB-10 dijeli OKP na tri oblika: oblik s prevladavajućim opsesijama, oblik s prevladavajućim kompulzijama i mješoviti oblik,...
Diferencijalna dijagnostika tremora
Diferencijalna dijagnostika tremora
Tea Čubelić
Tremor je, prema definiciji, ritmički, oscilatorni pokret dijela tijela. Najčešći je poremećaj pokreta koji se susreće u kliničkoj praksi te može postojati kao samostalan klinički poremećaj ili može biti dio šireg spektra simptoma neke bolesti. S obzirom na brojne uzroke koji mogu dovesti do pojave tremora kao i sličnosti kliničkih obilježja među pojedinim vrstama, diferencijalna dijagnostika tremora je važna kako bi se utvrdio točan uzrok i ispravna terapija u procesu...

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