Privremene fetalne zone u razvoju moždane kore čovjeka prikazane pomoću histoloških metoda i slikovnog prikaza mozga magnetskom rezonancijom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Transient fetal zones in the developing human cerebral cortex characterized by histological methods and magnetic resonance imaging
• Author: Luka Turkalj
• Mentor: Željka Krsnik (mentor)
• Committee member: Goran Sedmak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zdravko Petanjek (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Željka Krsnik (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Physiology and Immunology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-03-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Neuroscience

Abstract

Razvoj moždane kore čovjeka odvija se na vrlo složen i organiziran način. Privremene fetalne zone, koje postupno nestaju tijekom razvoja, glavna su karakteristika nezrelog ljudskog mozga. Na vrhuncu razvoja histološki se može razlučiti sedam privremenih fetalnih zona: ventrikularna zona, periventrikularna zona, subventrikularna zona, intermedijarna zona, subplate, kortikalna ploča i marginalna zona. Ventrikularna i subventrikularna zona su proliferativne regije telencefalona razdvojene tangencijalnim snopovima kalozalnih aksona periventrikularne zone. Intermedijarna zona jest fetalna bijela tvar koja osim aksonskih vlakana u razvoju sadrži i migrirajuće neurone. Najveći sloj neokortikalne osnovice jest subplate, u kojemu privremeno borave aferentni kortikalni aksoni te je glavno mjesto rane sinaptogeneze. Kortikalna ploča je nezrela osnova moždane kore građena od vertikalnih kolumni postmigratornih neurona, smještena neposredno ispod stanicama siromašne marginalne zone. Ove privremene strukture moguće je uporabom novijih tehnologija oslikavanja magnetskom rezonancijom (MR) prikazati kao područja visokog (svijetlo) ili niskog (tamno) intenziteta MR signala. Intenzitet MR signala ovisi o mikrostrukturnim i biokemijskim svojstvima područja od interesa. Relativno nova metoda magnetske rezonancije, difuzijska traktografska metoda oslikavanja mozga, temelji se na difuziji molekula vode te je korisna u karakterizaciji mikrostrukturnih svojstava moždanog tkiva. Cilj ovog rada jest prikazati i korelirati rezultate dobivene histologijom i oslikavanjem MR-om u različitim vremenskim točkama fetalnog razvoja. Ovi rezultati mogli bi u budućnosti doprinijeti in utero dijagnostici neurorazvojnih poremećaja.

Abstract (english)

The development of human cerebral cortex unfolds in a highly complex and organized manner. A prominent feature of the immature fetal brain is the presence of transient fetal zones which gradually disappear during development. At the peak of development, a total of seven histologically discernible transient fetal zones have been identified, from ventricular to pial surface: the ventricular zone, the periventricular zone, the subventricular zone, the intermediate zone, the subplate, the cortical plate and the marginal zone. The ventricular and subventricular zones are proliferative telencephalic regions separated by tangentially running callosal fibers of the periventricular zone. The intermediate zone is a fetal white matter which, besides growing axonal fibers, contains migratory neurons. The most prominent layer in the neocortical anlage is the subplate, which serves as a waiting compartment for growing cortical afferents and is a key site of early synaptogenesis. The cortical plate is an immature form of the future cerebral cortex composed of vertical columns of postmigratory neurons, situated below the outermost cell-sparse marginal zone. With the use of recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, it is possible to identify these transient structures as regions of either high (bright) or low (dark) MR signal intensities. The MR signal intensities depend on the microstructural and biochemical properties of the region of interest. A relatively novel, diffusion-weighted MRI method, called diffusion tractography imaging, proved itself useful in delineating the microstructural characteristics of the brain tissue. The purpose of this paper is to review and correlate the findings of histological and MRI methods at different time points during the fetal brain development. The results of these studies might in the future be applied for in utero diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.

• Keywords: fetalni razvoj; kortikalna ploča; moždana kora; oslikavanje magnetskom rezonancijom; subplate
• Keywords (english): cerebral cortex; cortical plate; fetal development; magnetic resonance imaging; subplate
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:345212
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-01-24 10:31:31