Prehrambene smjernice za djecu za šećernom bolesti tip 1

master's thesis

• Title (english): Nutrition guidelines for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
• Author: Danijela Nožinić
• Mentor: Jagoda Doko Jelinić (mentor)
• Committee member: Jasna Pucarin-Cvetković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Milošević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jagoda Doko Jelinić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-07-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Public Health

Abstract

Šećerna bolest već godinama predstavlja jedan od glavnih javnozdravstvenih problema
današnjice. Incidencija šećerne bolesti tip 1 iz godine u godinu raste, a javlja se ponajprije u
dječjoj i mlađoj životnoj dobi. Ona zahtijeva mnogo truda da bi se održala zadovoljavajuća
kontrola bolesti i time osigurala visoka razina kvalitete života bez neželjenih komplikacija
bolesti. Djeca su posebno osjetljiva skupina oboljelih koja prolazi kroz različite psihičke i
fizičke faze tijekom svojeg odrastanja te liječenje svakako predstavlja veliki izazov kako za
njih same, tako i za roditelje i cijeli zdravstveni tim. Osnovni principi liječenja uključuju
postupke samokontrole, uravnoteženu prehranu, redovitu tjelesnu aktivnost, redovitu primjenu
propisanih lijekova te edukaciju. Edukacijom se postiže osamostaljivanje oboljelih, a ponajprije
ovisi o motivaciji osobe za stjecanjem novih znanja. Ona započinje tijekom otkrivanja bolesti a
nastavlja se trajno, prilagođena je prvenstveno dobi djeteta i mijenja se sa odrastanjem.
Prehrana oboljelih od šećerne bolesti tip 1 ključna je za postizanje dobrih rezultata. Važno je
naglasiti kako se radi o pravilnoj uravnoteženoj prehrani koja mora osigurati sve potrebne
nutrijente za pravilan rast i razvoj oboljelog djeteta. Ono što je najvažnije obroci moraju biti
redoviti i količinski umjereni te usklađeni sa inzulinskom terapijom i tjelesnom aktivnošću jer u
protivnom može doći do pojave hiperglikemije ili hipoglikemije. U djece i adolescenata
ponekad je teško postići dobru suradnju i upravo iz tog razloga pokušava se prilagoditi način
prehrane i inzulinske terapije svakom oboljelom individualno. Kod djece vrtićke i mlađe
školske dobi pretežno je potreba za češćim a manjim obrocima, dok u starijoj školskoj dobi i
kod adolescenata veće zadovoljstvo se postiže sa količinski većim a rjeđim obrocima. Ovakav
način prehrane možemo postići konvencionalnom, odnosno intenziviranom terapijom.
Međutim, sa odrastanjem djeca često iskazuju nezadovoljstvo zbog „krutih“ pravila u prehrani.
U tom slučaju može se primijeniti tehnika računanja ugljikohidrata u kojoj se na temelju
količine ugljikohidrata u obroku prilagođava količina inzulina za taj obrok. Računanje
ugljikohidrata zahtijeva angažiranost i veliku motivaciju no omogućava i više slobode i
fleksibilnosti kada je riječ o prehrani što vrlo često dovodi i do većeg zadovoljstva oboljelih.

Abstract (english)

Diabetes mellitus along the years is one of the major public healh problem nowadays.
Incidence of diabetes mellitus type 1 is growing by years and it appears usually in children's
ages and younger ages of life. A lot of effort is required to keep adequate disease control and
secure high level of quality of life without unwanted complications of this disease. Children are
a particularly susceptible group of patients because of various mental and physical changes
during growing up period. Also treatment is certainly a big challenge for themselves as well as
their parents and for the whole health team. Basic principles of treatment are including selfcontrol procedures, balanced diet, regular physical activity, regular use of prescribed medicines
and education. Educational activities lead to gaining impedance and becoming self-motivated
patients depends on motivation of person and the desire to acquire new knowledge of their
disease. Education starts with identification of disease and continues during lifetime. Also
education is adjusted to the age of the child and it's changing during growing up period of
child.
Nutrition is key factor in achieving good results for people who had diabetes mellitus type 1.
It is important that food have to be property balanced and consist all of nutrients essentials for
adequate growth and development of the child. Most importantly, meals have to be regular and
quantitative moderate and compliance with insulin therapy. If the above is not observed,
hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia may occur. Nutrition and insulin therapy need to be tailored
to the individual if you want to achieve co-operation with children and adolescents. For
preschool and younger school children is important to provide smaller meals, while in older
school age and adolescents are important to get them bigger meals, but less often. This kind of
diet can be achieved by conventional, intensified therapy. However, with growing up children
often show dissatisfaction because of „rigid“ rules in diet. In that case, the carbohydrate
calculation technique is applied in which, based on the amount of carbohydrate in the meal,
adjusts the amount of insulin in the meal. Carbohydrate calculation requires engagement and
big motivation, but provides more freedom and flexibility when it comes to nutrition, which
often leads to greater satisfaction of people.

• Keywords: šećerna bolest; edukacija; prehrana; računanje ugljikohidrata
• Keywords (english): Diabetes mellitus; education; nutrition; carbohydrate calculation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:826313
• Study programme: Title: Studies in Nursing; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sestrinstva (magistar/magistra sestrinstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-04-27 12:29:20