Ultrazvuk u detekciji malignih promjena u štitnjači i vratu

master's thesis

• Title (english): Ultrasound in the detection of malignant changes of thyroid and neck
• Author: Luka Pavlinac
• Mentor: Sanja Kusačić Kuna (mentor)
• Committee member: Dražen Huić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kristina Serec (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanja Kusačić Kuna (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Nuclear Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Nuclear Medicine

Abstract

Ultrazvuk (UZV) je dijagnostička metoda rutinski korištena u suvremenoj medicini koja daje brz i jednostavan uvid u morfologiju štitne žlijezde te drugih organa vrata. Karakterizira ju jednostavnost upotrebe, neinvazivnost te nepostojanje ionizirajućeg zračenja, a može postaviti sumnju na postojanje zloćudnih promjena u štitnjači i vratu. U štitnjači može ukazati na postojanje papilarnog, folikularnog, medularnog ili anaplastičnog karcinoma koji se najčešće prikazuju kao hipoehogeni čvorovi, nepravilnog oblika i iregularnih rubova, uz prisutne kalcifikacije. S ciljem lakše interpretacije zatečenih promjena i razlikovanja benignih od malignih pojava, Europsko udruženje za štitnjaču (ETA) predlaže korištenje European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (EU-TIRADS) klasifikacije. UZV-om je moguće uspješno detektirati i zloćudne novotvorine paratireoidne žlijezde te žlijezda slinovnica. Od posebne je važnosti pregled cervikalnih limfnih čvorova koji su često zahvaćeni metastazama obližnjih tumora. Maligno promijenjeni limfni čvorovi vrata najčešće su okruglog oblika, heterogene ehogenosti, uglavnom hipoehogeni, s često prisutnim kalcifikacijama ili cističnim promjenama. Uzdužno/poprečni omjer (L/T omjer) kod malignih promjena uglavnom iznosi <2, a nedostatak hilusa pobuđuje sumnju na potencijalnu malignost. Citološka punkcija pod kontrolom UZV-a potencijalno maligne tvorbe provodi se radi postavljanja konačne dijagnoze.

Abstract (english)

Ultrasound is a diagnostic method routinely used in modern medicine that provides a quick and simple insight into the morphology of the thyroid gland and other neck organs. It is characterized by ease of use, non-invasiveness and non-use of ionizing radiation. It helps to distinguish benign from malignant changes in the thyroid gland as well as in the other neck region. In the thyroid, it can indicate the existence of papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic carcinoma. They are most often presented as a hypoechoic nodule, irregularly shaped and with irregular edges, with calcifications present. With the aim of easier interpretation of the observed changes and differentiation of benign from malignant phenomena, the European Thyroid Association (ETA) adopted the European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (EU-TIRADS) classification. With ultrasound, it is possible to successfully detect malignant neoplasms of the parathyroid gland and salivary glands. Of particular importance is the examination of the cervical lymph nodes, which are often affected by metastases from nearby tumors. Malignantly changed lymph nodes of the neck are most often round in shape and of heterogeneous echogenicity, mostly hypoechoic, with frequently present calcifications or cystic changes. The longitudinal/transverse ratio (L/T ratio) of malignant changes is generally <2, and the absence of a hilum raises suspicion of potential malignancy. Cytological puncture under ultrasound control of a potentially malignant formation is performed in order to establish a final diagnosis.

• Keywords: ultrazvuk; karcinom štitnjače; karcinom paratireoidne žlijezde; karcinomi žlijezda slinovnica; limfni čvorovi
• Keywords (english): ultrasound; thyroid cancer; parathyroid gland cancer; salivary gland cancer; lymph nodes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:569656
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-27 10:46:56