Hofbauerove stanice placentalnih resica

master's thesis

• Title (english): Placental Hofbauer cells
• Author: Marina Zelenika
• Mentor: Đurđica Grbeša (mentor)
• Committee member: Ljerka Banek (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dinko Mitrečić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Đurđica Grbeša (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Histology and Embryology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Cytology, Histology and Embryology

Abstract

Hofbauerove stanice, u literaturi poznatije kao placentalni makrofazi, smještene su u stromi placentalnih resica. Pleomorfnog su izgleda, a najlakše se prepoznaju po vakuoliziranoj i zrnatoj citoplazmi. Uporaba histokemijskih metoda i elektronske mikroskopije omogućila je velik napredak u prepoznavanju Hofbauerovih stanica te u opisu njihove morfologije i funkcije. Prisutne su u stromi resica tijekom cijele trudnoće, ali ih je u zreloj posteljici teže uočiti jer su komprimirane dilatiranim krvnim kapilarama i gušćom stromom. Najbolji imunohistokemijski biljeg za prepoznavanje Hofbauerovih stanica je antikimotripsin, a stanice pokazuju i pozitivnost za CD68 i CD163. Hofbauerove stanice izlučuju brojne čimbenike rasta i citokine te obavljaju različite funkcije tijekom normalne i poremećene trudnoće. Sudjeluju u regulaciji angiogeneze, reguliraju grananje korionskih resica te potiču diferencijaciju mezenhima placentalnih resica. Na svojoj površini Hofbauerove stanice izražavaju receptore za HIV-1 i receptor za Fc fragment IgG. Indukcija imunoregulacijskih citokina u Hofbauerovim stanicama uzrokuje smanjenje replikacije i širenje HIV-1, a time i smanjenje prijenosa HIV-1 s majke na fetus. Pretpostavlja se da snižen broj Hofbauerovih stanica ima ulogu u infekciji fetusa HBV-om. Dijabetes u trudnoći, tj. hiperglikemija izaziva promjenu fenotipa Hofbauerovih stanica od M2 prema M1 proupalnom fenotipu što doprinosi sistemskoj upali i inzulinskoj rezistenciji. Smanjenje broja Hofbauerovih stanica ima važnu ulogu u poticanju proupalnih i anti-angiogenih procesa karakterističnih za posteljice iz trudnoća kompliciranih preeklampsijom. U sindromu HELLP, u HCA i u VUE broj Hofbauerovih stanica značajno je povećan u usporedbi s posteljicama kontrolne skupine.
Iako su poznate više od 120 godina funkcija Hofbauerovih stanica u normalnoj i poremećenoj trudnoći nije do kraja poznata. Moderne metode za njihovo prepoznavanje će olakšati razumijevanje uloge Hofbauerovih stanica u normalnoj i poremećenoj trudnoći.

Abstract (english)

Hofbauer cells, also known as placental macrophages are located within the placental villous stroma. Their shape is pleomorphic and their cytoplasm is vacuolated and granular. The use of histochemical methods and electronic microscopy have improved the recognition and the description of the morphology and function of Hofbauer cells. They are present in the stromal villi throughout the entire pregnancy, but they are more difficult to detect in the mature placenta due to the fact that they are compressed by dilated capillaries and dense stroma. The most specific marker for detection of Hofbauer cells is antichymotrypsine. Hofbauer cells also exhibit positive immunostain reaction for CD68 and CD163. Hofbauer cells produce numerous growth factors and cytokines and play a role in normal and complicated pregnancy. They have a role in regulation of vasculogenesis, development of the placental villous tree and they promote differentiation of the placental mesenchyme. On their surface Hofbauer cells express HIV-1 receptors and Fc IgG receptors. Induction of immunoregulatory cytokines limits HIV-1 replication and decreases mother to child transmission. It is noted that decreased count of Hofbauer cells lead to fetal HBV infection. Diabetes during pregnancy can change Hofbauer cell phenotype from M2 to M1 which leads to increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and consequentual systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Lower Hofbauer cell count induces pro-inflammatory and anti-antiogenic processes which are found in placentas from pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome, HCA and VUE are associated with increased number of Hofbauer cells in the placental villous. Although they have been known for more than 120 years the function of Hofbauer cells in normal and complicated pregnancy is still not completely understood. The modern methods for their recognition will contribute to improved understanding of their role in normal and abnormal pregnancy.

• Keywords: Hofbauerove stanice; placentalni makrofazi; posteljica; trudnoća; komplikacije trudnoće.
• Keywords (english): Hofbauer cells; placental macrophages; placenta; pregnancy; pregnancy complications.
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:650637
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-08-08 09:17:59