Parcijalne endoproteze koljena

master's thesis

• Title (english): Unicompartmenal knee replacement
• Author: Dominik Piršljin
• Mentor: Mislav Jelić (mentor)
• Committee member: Domagoj Delimar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Đapić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mislav Jelić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Orthopedics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Orthopedics

Abstract

Parcijalna endoproteza koljena predstavlja značajan napredak u liječenju osteoartritisa koljena, omogućujući zamjenu samo oštećenog dijela zgloba umjesto cijelog koljena. Ovaj postupak je najprikladniji za pacijente kod kojih je osteoartritis ograničen na jedan odjeljak koljena, bilo medijalni, lateralni ili patelofemoralni dio. Glavna prednost leži u očuvanju zdravih dijelova zgloba, uključujući ligamente i netaknute zglobne površine, što omogućuje prirodniji osjećaj koljena nakon operacije i brži oporavak u usporedbi s totalnom endoprotezom koljena. Idealni kandidati su pacijenti s lokaliziranim osteoartritisom bez značajnog oštećenja ligamenata ili deformiteta koljena. Prije operacije provodi se detaljna procjena koja uključuje klinički pregled i radiografske snimke koljena kako bi se utvrdila prikladnost pacijenta za ovaj zahvat. Napretkom tehnologije, preoperativna obrada se sada može obaviti uz pomoć robotskog sustava, što dodatno poboljšava preciznost i rezultate parcijalne endoproteze koljena. Robotski asistirani pristup omogućuje kirurzima detaljnu 3D-rekonstrukciju zgloba koljena prije same operacije, što im omogućuje planiranje optimalnog položaja i veličine implantata. Operacija započinje malim rezom kroz koji kirurg uklanja oštećenu hrskavicu i kost. Zatim se postavljaju femoralne i tibijalne komponente koje zamjenjuju oštećeni dio zgloba. Ove komponente, često izrađene od visokokvalitetnih legura metala i posebnih vrsta plastike su rezultat temeljitog istraživanja i prilagođene su specifičnoj anatomiji svakog pacijenta. Desetogodišnje preživljenje iznosi čak 98% te se u do 15% operacija u 10 godina radi revizijska operacija zbog nekolicine komplikacija, između kojih je najčešća progresija osteoartritisa kontralateralnog odjeljka.

Abstract (english)

Unicompartmental knee replacement represents a significant advancement in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, allowing for the replacement of only the damaged part of the joint rather than the entire knee. This procedure is most suitable for patients with osteoarthritis limited to one compartment of the knee - either the medial, lateral, or patellofemoral compartment. The main advantage lies in preserving the healthy portions of the joint, including ligaments and untouched articular surfaces, resulting in a more natural knee feeling post-surgery and faster recovery compared to total knee replacement. Ideal candidates are patients with localized osteoarthritis without significant ligament damage or knee deformities. Prior to surgery, a thorough assessment is conducted, including a clinical examination and knee radiographs, to determine the patient's suitability for this procedure. With advancements in technology, preoperative planning can now be performed using a robotic system, further enhancing the precision and outcomes of partial knee replacement. The robot-assisted approach allows surgeons to perform detailed 3D reconstructions of the knee joint before the surgery, enabling them to plan the optimal position and size of the implants. The operation begins with a small incision through which the surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone. Then, femoral and tibial components are placed to replace the damaged part of the joint. These components, often made of high-quality metal alloys and special plastics, are the result of thorough research and designed to fit the specific anatomy of each patient. The ten-year survival rate is as high as 98%, with revision surgery required in up to 15% of cases within 10 years due to various complications, the most common being the progression of osteoarthritis in the contralateral compartment.

• Keywords: implantat; odjeljak; osteoartritis; parcijalna endoproteza koljena
• Keywords (english): compartment; implant; osteoarthritis; unicompartmenal knee replacement
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:774422
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-02 14:36:14