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The role of DNA methylation in human spermatogenesis
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Inbar Shafran What is the story behind the term “germ cell epigenetics”, what can we learn from the changes in methylation during gametogenesis, and how could it be put to good use? This thesis aims to explain how changes in the DNA methylation affects the development of primordial cells into mature sperm.
Methylation is the epigenetic process controlling what genes will be expressed and what genes will be silenced. Epigenetics can be viewed as the environmental inheritance we get from our ancestors....
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The role of adipokines in polycystic ovary syndrome
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Maja Šikić Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an exceedingly complex endocrine, reproductive
and metabolic disorder of a diverse and still unclear pathogenesis. PCOS affects
approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and is considered one of the most
common endocrine and reproductive disturbances in its group (1)(2). The syndrome is
clinically characterised by oligo/anovulation and infertility, hirsutism and abdominal obesity
(3).
However, the absence of clearly defined causative factors and...
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The role of limosilactobacillus reuteri strains on human health
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Adam Bošnjak In recent years the human gastrointestinal microbiota has proven to play a critical role in host health and disease. The majority of human microbiota resides in the large intestine and is composed of a diverse array of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea. Among these, Limosilactobacillus reuteri (formerly known as Lactobacillus reuteri), a gram-positive, heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium has gained attention as a probiotic due to its potential health benefits....
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The role of platelet tests in detection of clopidogrel hyper-response after percutaneous coronary intervention
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Michael John Grašić Clopidogrel is a PY212 antiplatelet medication which was shown to reduce mortality in patients post PCI. A percentage of the population has a resultant low platelet reactivity (LPR) or high platelet reactivity (HPR) while taking Clopidogrel. There is a connection between the LPR and increased rates of bleeding events as well as a connection between HPR and increased rates of ST events. We will examine bleeding avoidant strategies (BAS) which may be implemented to reduce bleeding event in...
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The role of the FaS/FasL apoptotic pathway on osteoclastogenesis in the mouse model of controlled tibial fractures
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Nina Lukač The Fas/FasL apoptotic system serves as a regulator of the immune system, but also has an influence on osteoclast survival and differentiation. The model of internally fixated controlled tibial fractures was used to evaluate its role on osteoclastogenesis in formation of new bone, as fracture healing serves as a model for embryonic skeletal development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the apoptotic system on osteoclastogenesis in vivo, by evaluating the osteoclastogenic...
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The usage of antibiotics in bone surgery
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Patrick Julien Bernard Tschechne The discovery of antibiotics has drastically changed modern medicine and everyday human life. Even though extraordinary discoveries have been made perioperative infections are still commonly encountered in clinical practice. Deep infections such as septic arthritis, osteomyelitis and periprosthetic joint infections pose great difficulties to practising surgeons and increase the financial burden for health care systems across the globe. Multiple antibiotic regimens are commonly used where...
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The use of alternative vascular access in emergency care
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Máté Huba Huszár A variety of alternative emergency vascular access solutions have been tested and described in the literature. In cases of difficult intravenous access (DIVA) in emergency settings, intraosseous access (IO) has consistently been suggested by professional organisations as the most suitable alternative to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) due to its proven superiority. IO is the quickest and safest option when immediate intravenous access cannot be established.
This thesis, as a descriptive...
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The use of botulinum toxin in medicine
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Lara Kralj Neurotoxin made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum is an important medical
substance. It is so versatile, that it can be used as a lethal weapon and in modern medicine is
even gaining its popularity in the aesthetic procedures. Although it was first recognized as
early as 1793 in Germany, it was not until 1989 that surgeons found its beneficial usages in
medicine. The so called »miracle poison« exists in eight different exotoxins
(A,B,C1,C2,D,E,F,G) – the most potent being...
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The use of fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal diseases
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Jannat Monosi Ali Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a treatment modality that involves the process of transplanting fecal matter obtained from a selected donor to a recipient in order to restore the microbial homeostasis in the intestine. Although the utilization of fecal matter to treat diseased individuals can be traced to the 4th century, China, it was not until the end of the 20th century that Western countries began to study the potential role of FMT. Since then, there has been a growing interest...
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The use of lasers in dermatology
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Kristina Žužul This graduate thesis explains the basic laser principles and provides an overview of
indications for laser treatment in dermatology. The term laser is an acronym for light
amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation. Since the development of first laser by
Maiman and the introduction of theory of selective photothermolysis in 1980 by Anderson
and Parish, it gained widespread acceptance in dermatology and is now used for the treatment
of numerous cutaneous conditions including...
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The use of tourniquet in limb surgery
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Martial Matthias Coudert The tourniquet is routinely used in daily practice for upper and lower limb orthopedic surgery, in order to obtain a bloodless surgical field and thus, to allow a better visualization for the surgeon. Tourniquet use is associated to several local and systemic complications which can be disabling or even lethal, including pulmonary embolism, reperfusion injury, and permanent neurological damage. Several conditions can be considered as contraindications for the use of tourniquet, even though...
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Thyroid cancer – treatment options
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Roman Ritter Thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing in incidence, yet the mortality rate remains relatively constant. Given its’ favorable prognosis and great success in treatment of the most common types, it is currently debated, whether the incidence rise should change the way the screening is performed and affect the established treatment guidelines. In this literature review four of the most prominent thyroid gland cancers and their management options are presented; papillary, follicular, medullary...
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