Profesionalna izloženost nanočesticama kao zdravstveni rizik

master's thesis

• Title (english): Professional exposure to nanoparticles as a health risk
• Author: Elvira Okanović
• Mentor: Milan Milošević (mentor)
• Committee member: Jadranka Mustajbegović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jagoda Doko Jelinić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Milošević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Health Ecology

Abstract

Nanotehnologija jedna je od najbrže rastućih industrija današnjeg doba. Nanomaterijali su ušli u svakodnevni život bez da smo toga svjesni te većina populacije nije upoznata s potencijalnim opasnostima. Dio populacije koji je posebno ugrožen, jesu radnici koji su izloženi nanočesticama u puno većim dozama od ostalog stanovništva. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati koje su to nanočestice, tko im je najviše izložen i kakve su moguće posljedice na zdravlje.Ono što nanočestice primarno razlikuje od ostalih tvari jest njihova mala veličina zbog koje dobivaju nova i ne uvijek predvidljiva svojstva. Postoje brojne vrste nanočestica s različitim svojstvima i utjecajima na zdravlje. Primjenu su našle u gotovo svakoj grani industrije i proizvodnje, zbog čega im je izložen velik broj radnika. Za procjenu učinka na zdravlje razvijene su brojne metode u obliku in vitro i epidemioloških istraživanja te pokusa na životinjama. Najvažniji putevi unosa su oralni, inhalacijom i preko kože. Neke od grana industrije u kojima možemo naći profesionalnu izloženost nanočesticama su građevinarstvo, zdravstvo, kemijska i elektrotehnička industrija, a među najistraživanijim poslovima su ugljenokopači, metaloradnici te znanstvenici koji proučavaju nanočestice. Brojna su istraživanja pokazale povezanost izloženosti nanočesticama s bolestima poput kroničnih opstruktivnih bolesti pluća, pneumonitisa, kroničnog bronhitisa, karcinoma pluća i kardiovaskularnih oboljenja. Izloženost radnika na radnom mjestu i njihova zaštita regulirane su s nekoliko zakona na državnoj i europskoj razini. Mjera zaštite koje se koriste su osobna zaštita (u obliku zaštitne opreme) i tehnička zaštita stvaranjem sigurnog radnog okruženja.

Abstract (english)

Nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing industries of today. Nanomaterials have entered everyday life with majority of the population being unaware of it and the potential dangers. Part of the population that is particularly at risk is workers who are exposed to nanoparticles in much higher doses than the general population. The aim of this paper is to show what nanoparticles are, who is exposed and what possible effects on health they might have. What primarily distinguishes nanoparticles from other substances is that due to their small size they receive new and not always predictable properties. There are numerous types of nanoparticles with different properties and effects on health. Applications are found in almost every branch of industry and production, which is why a very large number of workers is exposed. To assess the impact on health, a number of methods have been developed in the form of in vitro and epidemiological studies and animal experiments. The most important ways nanoparticles enter our system is the oral intake, inhalation and through the skin. Some of the industries in which we can find occupational exposure to nanoparticles are construction, health care, chemical and electrical industries. Professions that are among the most researched the coalworkers, metalworkers and scientists who study the nanoparticles. Numerous studies have shown connection between exposure to nanoparticles with diseases such as COPD, pneumonitis, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Exposure of workers in the workplace and their protection are regulated by several laws at the national and European level. Protection measures that are used are personal protection (in the form of protective equipment) and technical protection by creating a safe working environment.

• Keywords: profesionalna izloženost nanočesticama; posljedice; zaštita
• Keywords (english): occupational exposure to nanoparticles; consequences; protection
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:641510
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2015-10-20 16:25:44