| Abstract | Konjunktivitis je upala spojnice i jedan od najčeščih entiteta s kojima se liječnik može susresti u kliničkoj praksi. Bakterijski konjunktivitis uzrokovan je različitim spektrom uzročnika. Spojnica posjeduje obrambene mehanizme koji je štite od infekcije poput: vjeđa, suza, antibakterijskih enzima i imunoglobulina. Načini na koji nastaje infekcija su egzogeni, endogeni i putem širenja iz lokalnih struktura.
U znakove konjunktivitisa spadaju: hiperemija, eksudacija, suzenje, prisutnost folikula, papilarna hipertrofija, preaurikularna limfadenopatija, ta prisutnost membrana i pseudomembrana, kemoza, pseudoptoza i granulom. Prisutnost tih znakova ovisi o tipu konjunktivitisa.
Bakterijski konjunktivitis može biti akutan ili kroničan. Najčešći tipovi akutnog bakterijskog konjunktivitisa su: conjunctivitis cattharalis acuta, conjuncivitis purulenta acuta i conjunctivitis inclusoria neonatorum et adultorum. Kroničnim baketrijskim konjunktivitisima pripadaju: trahoma, Syndroma oculoglandulare Parinaud, conjunctivitis angularis. Trahom predstavlja veliki javnozdravstveni problem u nekim nerazvijenim zemljama.
Dijagnoza bakterijskog konjunktivitisa postavlja se na temelju anamneze, kliničke slike i ovisno o potrebi citološkom analizom spojnice i spojničkog eksudata.
Liječenje uključuje ovisno o kliničkoj slici lokalnu i sistemsku primjenu antibiotika uz potporne mjere. Kirurško liječenje može biti indicirano u slučaju trajnih komplikacija same bolesti. |
| Abstract (english) | Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of conjunctiva and one of the most common entities that a doctor may encounter in clinical practice. Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by a different spectrum of pathogens. The conjunctiva has defense mechanisms that protect it from infection such as: eyebrows, tears, antibacterial enzymes and immunoglobulins. The ways in which infection occurs are exogenous, endogenous, and through the spread from local structures. The signs of conjunctivitis include: hyperemia, exudation, tearing, presence of follicles, papillary hypertrophy, preauricular lymphadenopathy, presence of membranes and pseudomembranes, chemosis, pseudoptosis and granuloma. The presence of these signs depends on the type of conjunctivitis.
Bacterial conjunctivitis can be acute or chronic. The most common types of acute bacterial conjunctivitis are: conjunctivitis cattharalis acuta, conjunctivitis purulenta acuta, and conjunctivitis inclusoria neonatorum et adultorum. Chronic bacterial conjunctivitis includes: trachoma, Syndroma oculoglandulare Parinaud, angular conjuctivitis. Trachoma is a major public health problem in some underdeveloped countries.
The diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis is made on the basis of anamnesis, clinical picture and, as appropriate, cytological analysis of the junction and junction exudate.
Treatment includes, depending on the clinical picture, local and systemic administration of antibiotics with supportive measures. Surgical treatment may be indicated in the case of permanent complications of the disease itself. |
