Primjena hormonskog nadomjesnog liječenja kod urogenitalne atrofije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Hormone replacement therapy for urogenital atrophy
• Author: Lina Kupsjak
• Mentor: Vladimir Banović (mentor)
• Committee member: Držislav Kalafatić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Željko Duić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vladimir Banović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Gynecology and Obstetrics

Abstract

Mokraćni i spolni sustav razvijaju se iz iste embrionalne osnove što znači da se po cijelom urogenitalnom sustavu mogu naći estrogenski receptori. Tijekom reproduktivnog perioda, endogeni estrogeni imaju važnu ulogu u održavanju funkcionalnosti urogenitalnih organa. Najčešće oko 51. godine nastupa menopauza, posljednja menstruacija u životu žene. U tom periodu dolazi do pada razine estrogena što dovodi do mnogobrojnih promjena na tkivu mokraćnog i spolnog sustava objedinjenih pod nazivom urogenitalna atrofija. Žene u postmenopauzi suočavaju se s neugodnim simptomima poput inkontinencije, vaginalne suhoće i dispareunije. Na raspolaganju su raznovrsni oblici liječenja i metode ublažavanja simptoma urogenitalne atrofije, pri čemu se posebno ističe horomonsko nadomjesno liječenje koje obuhvaća estrogene, gestagene, androgene i selektivne modulatore estrogenskih receptora. Estrogeni su se pokazali kao najefikasniji u liječenju urogenitalnih simptoma. Hormonsko nadomjesno liječenje kod žena s isključivo urogenitalnim poteškoćama primjenjuje se lokalno (u obliku vaginalnih tableta, krema i prstenova), dok se kod žena s vazomotornim simptomima i težom osteoporozom primjenjuje sistemski. Svaka terapija sa sobom nosi određene rizike pa se tako kao glavni rizik primjene hormonskog nadomjesnog liječenja pokazao porast incidencije karcinoma dojke.

Abstract (english)

The urinary and genital systems develop from the same embryonic basis, which means that estrogen receptors can be found throughout the urogenital system. During the reproductive period, endogenous estrogens play an important role in maintaining the functionality of the urogenital organs. Menopause, the last menstrual period in a woman's life, usually occurs around the age of 51. During this period, a drop-in estrogen levels leads to numerous changes in the tissue of the urinary and genital system and it is called urogenital atrophy. Postmenopausal women face unpleasant symptoms such as incontinence, vaginal dryness and dyspareunia. A variety of treatments and methods are available to lessen the symptoms of urogenital atrophy and the main treatment is hormone replacement therapy that includes estrogens, progestogens, androgens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Estrogens have been shown to be most effective in treating urogenital symptoms. Postmenopausal women with exclusively urogenital difficulties should use local hormone replacement therapy (in the form of vaginal tablets, creams and rings), while women with vasomotor symptoms and severe osteoporosis should use it systemically. Each therapy carries certain risks, and it has been proven that hormone replacement therapy increases an incidence of breast cancer.

• Keywords: estrogeni; menopauza; urogenitalna atrofija; inkontinencija; hormonsko nadomjesno liječenje
• Keywords (english): estrogens; menopause; urogenital atrophy; incontinence; hormone replacement therapy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:067818
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-03-07 10:08:39