Transcatheter aortic valve therapy

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Transkatetersko liječenje aortalnog zaliska
• Author: Paola Negovetić
• Mentor: Igor Rudež (mentor)
• Committee member: Igor Rudež (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Meštrović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Joško Bulum (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-10-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

The aortic valve is a component of the heart’s outflow tract that is responsible for
transporting the newly oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and from
there to the rest of the body. Aortic stenosis is a pathological condition in which
narrowing of the aortic valve opening occurs. The clinical symptoms are not noticeable
from the beginning but develop later on once the amount of blood being pumped out
of the aorta is significantly decreased. Diagnosis of aortic stenosis is confirmed by an
echocardiogram. The treatment of choice for aortic stenosis is determined by the
severity of the clinical symptoms and the individual characteristics of the patient. For
the patients with a severe clinical picture of aortic stenosis, there is an indication for
the surgical aortic valve replacement. In the surgical aortic valve replacement, the
stenotic valve is removed and replaced with a new valve. However, some patients
presenting with a severe aortic stenosis are deemed inoperable or a high risk for
surgery. Transcatheter aortic valve implementation is a less invasive choice of therapy
for those patients with severe aortic stenosis who were not approved for the surgical
aortic valve replacement. In transcatheter aortic valve replacement, a novel valve is
implanted within the native pathological valve. By this valve-in-valve implementation,
the stenotic valve is being strengthened and made capable of effectively functioning
once more.

Abstract (croatian)

Aortni zalistak je sastavni dio izljevnog trakta srca koji je odgovoran za transport krvi
svježe obogaćene kisikom iz lijeve klijetke u aortu, te kasnije u ostatak tijela. Stenoza
aorte je patološko stanje u kojem dolazi do progresivnog suženja otvora aortnog
zaliska. Klinički simptomi često nisu uočljivi od samog početka bolesti, nego se
razvijaju tek kasnije kada se količina krvi koja napušta aortu značajno smanji.
Dijagnoza aortne stenoze potvrđuje se ultrazvukom srca koji pokazuje patologiju
aortnog zaliska te protok krvi iz lijeve klijetke u aortu. Izbor liječenja aortne stenoze
određuje se putem procjene ozbiljnosti kliničkih simptoma pacijenta te njihovih
individualnim karakteristika. Za bolesnike koji imaju tešku kliničku sliku aortne stenoze
postoji indikacija za kiruršku zamjenu patološkog aortnog zaliska. Operativna zamjena
aortnog zaliska provodi se tako da se odstrani bolesni zalistak te se ugradi novi.
Međutim, neki pacijenti koji imaju dijagnozu teške aortne stenoze smatraju se visokim
rizikom za operaciju ili čak neprikladnim za operaciju. Transkateterska implementacija
aortnog zaliska manje je invazivan izbor terapije za one pacijente s dijagnozom teške
stenoze aorte kojima nije odobrena kirurška zamjena aortnog zaliska. Kod
transkateterske zamjene aortnog zaliska, novi zalistak se implantira unutar originalnog
patološkog zaliska. Ovom vrstom implementacije, stenotični zalistak je ojačan i
ponovno osposobljen za učinkovito funkcioniranje.

• Keywords: aortic stenosis; transcatheter aortic valve therapy; valve-in-valve
• Keywords (croatian): aortna stenoza; transkatetersko liječenje aortalnog zaliska; zalistak-uzalisku
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:417136
• Study programme: Title: Medicine (in English language); Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-12-20 12:11:18