Rehabilitacija sportskih ozljeda koljena

master's thesis

• Title (english): Rehabilitation of sports knee injuries
• Author: Inga Kunert
• Mentor: Nadica Laktašić Žerjavić (mentor)
• Committee member: Porin Perić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nadica Laktašić Žerjavić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Physical Medicine and General Rehabilitation); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Abstract

Koljeno je jedan od najvažnijih zglobova lokomotornog sustava zbog svoje uloge u kretanju. Pri sportskim aktivnostima često je izloženo djelovanju velikih sila, naglim promjenama smjera i ekstremnim kretnjama poput hiperekstenzije. Navedena opterećenja često uzrokuju ozljede brojnih struktura koljenskog zgloba od kojih su najčešće zahvaćeni: prednji križni ligament, medijalni meniskus, medijalni kolateralni ligament, lateralni meniskus, lateralni kolateralni ligament i stražnji križni ligament. Mehanizam ozljeđivanja zgloba koljena može biti kontaktni ili nekontaktni koji je češći, a može se uspješno prevenirati provođenjem programa snaženja mišića, propriocepcijskim i skakačkim treninzima specifičnim za sport. Ovisno o ozlijeđenoj strukturi i stupnju ozljede pristupa se konzervativnom ili operativnom liječenju.. Operacija se može odgoditi kako bi se provela odgovarajuća preopertivna rehabilitacija čiji je cilj vratiti normalan opseg pokreta, smanjiti oteklinu i bol te prevenirati atrofiju mišića. Pacijenti koji su uključeni u program preoperativne rehabilitacije brže napreduju u postoperativnoj rehabilitaciji. Kod ozljeda koje se liječe konzervativno kineziterapija je najvažnija metoda liječenja i usmjerena je na ranu mobilizaciju bolesnika, postizanje punog opsega pokreta i jačanje muskulature. Postoperativni rehabilitacijski programi osim navedenog uključuju i treninge propriocepcije i neuromišićne kontrole koji pojačavaju dinamičku stabilnost koljena. Proces rehabilitacije podijeljen je u faze kroz koje pacijent napreduje zadovoljavanjem kliničkih kriterija neovisno o vremenskim okvirima.

Abstract (english)

The knee is one of the most important joints of the locomotor system because of its role in body movement. During sports activities, it is often exposed to massive forces, sudden changes of direction and extreme movements such as hyperextension. These loads often cause injuries to a number of knee joint structures of which the most commonly affected are: anterior cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, medial collateral ligament, lateral meniscus, lateral collateral ligament, and posterior cruciate ligament. The mechanism of knee joint injury can be contact or non-contact, which is more common, and can be successfully prevented by implementing a muscle strengthening programme, proprioceptive and sport-specific jumping workouts. Depending on the injured structure and degree of injury, either conservative or operative treatment is approached. Surgery may be delayed to perform appropriate preoperative rehabilitation aimed at restoring normal range of motion, reducing swelling and pain, and preventing muscle atrophy. Patients enrolled in a preoperative rehabilitation programme progress faster in postoperative rehabilitation. For injuries which are treated conservatively, kinesitherapy is the most important method of treatment and is aimed at early mobilization of patients, achieving full range of motion and strengthening the musculature. Postoperative rehabilitation programmes include proprioception training and neuromuscular control, which enhance the dynamic stability of the knee. The rehabilitation process is divided into stages through which the patient progresses by meeting clinical criteria regardless of time frames.

• Keywords: koljeno; ozljede; liječenje; rehabilitacija
• Keywords (english): knee; injuries; treatment; rehabilitation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:221051
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-01-16 08:33:54