Title Evolucijsko značenje i opstanak poremećaja ličnosti Title (english) The evolutionary meaning and survival of personality disorders Author Filip Brekalo Mentor Darko Marčinko (mentor)Committee member Milena Skočić Hanžek (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Dražen Begić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Darko Marčinko (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2023-07-13, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Ličnost predstavlja vrijednost koja čini sve pojedince međusobno različitima te ih u isto vrijeme čini prepoznatljivima tijekom života. Njihova patološka strana, poremećaji ličnosti, trenutno se smatra disfunkcijom. Ove su razlike uobičajene u prirodi te su prisutne čak i kod insekata. To nam pomaže da shvatimo kako je evolucija imala veliku ulogu u razvoju tih razlika među ličnostima, ovisno o strategiji koja je bila potrebna kako bi se održala vrsta. Također pokazuje da neprilagođene osobine mogu biti korisne u poboljšanju sposobnosti preživljavanja ili povećanju šansi za reprodukciju. Ovi su mehanizmi sažeti i prikazani pomoću životinjskih i ljudskih modela. Poremećaji ličnosti proučavani su i klasificirani tijekom godina, a naše se razumijevanje vezano uz njih promijenilo. Početkom 20. stoljeća, psihoanalitička teorija, primarno rad Sigmunda Freuda, utjecala je na razumijevanje poremećaja ličnosti. Freud je smatrao da su poremećaji ličnosti duboko ukorijenjeni u neriješene konflikte i smetnje za vrijeme razvoja u ranom djetinjstvu. Najnovija klasifikacija, DSM-5, objavljena 2013. godine, predstavila je značajne promjene u dijagnostici poremećaja ličnosti. Kategorijski je pristup održan, ali su se specifični poremećaji ličnosti redefinirali, a neki su kriteriji modificirani. Osim toga, DSM-5 uveo je alternativni model za dijagnozu poremećaja ličnosti – dimenzionalni pristup. Posljednjih se godina sve više prepoznaje da poremećaji ličnosti postoje na kontinuumu s različitim stupnjem ozbiljnosti i dimenzionalnim aspektima. Dimenzionalni pristup naglašava procjenu i opisivanje specifičnih karakteristika ličnosti pojedinca umjesto kategoriziranja u diskretne poremećaje. Istraživanja su u tijeku, a buduće revizije dijagnostičkih priručnika nastavljaju pročišćivati naše razumijevanje poremećaja ličnosti, inkorporirajući nove spoznaje i perspektive.
Abstract (english) Personality is the value that makes each individual differ from others and, at the same time, makes someone recognisable throughout their lives. Their pathological side, personality disorders, are currently considered as dysfunctions. Differences between personalities are ubiquitous in nature and go all the way to insects. This helps us to understand that evolution had a major role in developing personality differences, depending on the strategy that was needed, in order to keep the species alive. It also shows that maladaptive traits can be useful in improving viability by enabling better survival chances or improving chances of reproduction. These mechanisms are summarised and illustrated with the help of animal and human models. Personality disorders have been studied and classified over the years, and our understanding of them has evolved. In the early 20th century, psychoanalytic theories, notably Sigmund Freud's work, influenced the understanding of personality disorders. Freud proposed that personality disorders were rooted in unresolved conflicts and disturbances during early childhood development. The most recent major update, DSM-5, was released in 2013. It introduced significant changes to the diagnosis of personality disorders. The categorical approach was maintained, but the specific personality disorders were redefined and some criteria were modified. Additionally, DSM-5 introduced an alternative model for diagnosing personality disorders - a dimensional approach. In recent years, there has been growing recognition that personality disorders exist on a continuum, with varying degrees of severity and dimensional aspects. The dimensional approach emphasizes assessing and describing an individual's specific personality traits rather than categorizing them into discrete disorders. Research is ongoing, and future revisions of diagnostic manuals may continue to refine our understanding of personality disorders, incorporating new knowledge and perspectives.
Keywords
ličnost
poremećaji ličnosti
evolucijska psihologija
evolucijska psihijatrija
prirodna selekcija
Keywords (english)
personality
personality disorders
evolutionary psychology
evolutionary psychiatry
natural selection
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:534862 Study programme Title: Medicine Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-10-23 11:17:46
