Radiološka dijagnostika intrakranijskih vaskularnih malformacija

master's thesis

• Title (english): Radiological diagnosis of intracranial vascular malformations
• Author: Karlo Josip Vukić
• Mentor: David Ozretić (mentor)
• Committee member: Milan Radoš (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Gordana Ivanac (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: David Ozretić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Radiology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Radiology

Abstract

Intrakranijske vaskularne malformacije predstavljaju posebnu skupinu vaskularnih anomalija s različitom etiologijom, patofiziologijom i kliničkim tijekom. Za razliku od pravih vaskularnih neoplazmi poput hemangioma, vaskularne malformacije su kongenitalne tvorbe u kojima nije prisutan tumorski rast endotelnih stanica, već nastaju disregulacijom normalne angiogeneze tijekom embriološkog razdoblja. IVM u nekih ljudi mogu dugo ostati u stanju mirovanja prije nego što ih mehanički i hormonalni utjecaji potaknu na rast. Tada se mogu prezentirati raznim nespecifičnim simptomima, od kojih je svakako najopasnije intrakranijsko krvarenje, koje prati visoki morbiditet i mortalitet. Morfološki se razlikuje 5 entiteta intrakranijskih vaskularnih malformacija: kapilarne telangiektazije, razvojne venske anomalije, kavernozne malformacije, arteriovenske malformacije te duralne arteriovenske fistule. Dobro poznavanje odgovarajućih slikovnih pretraga od iznimne je važnosti za uspješnu dijagnozu ovih lezija te određivanje pravilnog plana liječenja. U velikom broju slučajeva neinvazivne tehnike snimanja poput CT-a i MR-a omogućuju valjan prikaz intrakranijskih vaskularnih malformacija i njima pridruženih edema i krvarenja. Međutim, angiografija ostaje nezaobilazna metoda snimanja za određivanje točne anatomije i hemodinamike lezije te za planiranje endovaskularnog liječenja. Daljnjim razvojem modernih neuroradioloških pretraga specijalisti neurolozi, neuroradiolozi i neurokirurzi su dužni neprestano iznova učiti i širiti svoje znanje o intrakranijskim vaskularnim malformacijama i različitim radiološkim metodama koje se koriste u njihovoj dijagnozi.

Abstract (english)

Intracranial vascular malformations represent a special group of vascular anomalies with different etiology, pathophysiology and clinical course. In contrast to true vascular neoplasms such as hemangiomas, vascular malformations are congenital anomalies in which there is no tumor growth of endothelial cells, but rather they arise from the dysregulation of normal angiogenesis during the embryological period. In some people IVMs can remain dormant for many years before mechanical and hormonal influences stimulate them to grow. Then, they can present with various non-specific symptoms, the most dangerous of which is certainly intracranial hemorrhage, which is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. Morphologically, there are 5 entities of intracranial vascular malformations: capillary telangiectasias, developmental venous anomalies, cavernous malformations, arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulas. A thorough knowledge of appropriate imaging techniques is extremely important for the successful diagnosis of these lesions and the determination of the correct treatment plan. In a large number of cases, non-invasive imaging methods such as CT and MRI enable valid visualization of intracranial vascular malformations and associated edema and hemorrhage. However, angiography remains an indispensable imaging method to determine the exact anatomy and hemodynamics of the lesion and to plan endovascular treatment. With further development of modern neuroradiological examinations neurologists, neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons are obliged to continue learning and expanding their knowledge about intracranial vascular malformations and different radiological methods used in their diagnosis.

• Keywords: vaskularne malformacije; intrakranijsko krvarenje; neuroradiologija; angiografija
• Keywords (english): vascular malformations; intracranial hemorrhage; neuroradiology; angiography
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:410758
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-11-02 12:04:26