| Sažetak | Debljina u djece je veliki zdravstveni problem današnjice koji pogađa cijeli svijet. Debljina, definirana prekomjernim nakupljanjem masti u tijelu, poznati je rizični čimbenik za brojne bolesti, poput bolesti srca i krvnih žila, mentalnih poremećaja, malignih oboljenja i druge. Čimbenici koji dovode do debljine u djece su genetski, bihevioralni, okolišni, socijalni, psihološki i kulturalni. Od navedenih čimbenika, okolišni čimbenici smatraju se najodgovornijim za visoku prevalenciju debljine u djece u svijetu. Okoliš koji potiče na debljanje karakterizira sve veća dostupnost nezdrave hrane i sedentarno ponašanje uz prateće aktivnosti kao što je primjerice korištenje raznih elektroničkih uređaja. Cilj ovog rada bio je pregledno prikazati okolišne čimbenike debljine u školske djece u Hrvatskoj. Rad je podijeljen u dva dijela. U prvom dijelu rada definirana je debljina te je opisana njena etiologija, epidemiologija i karakteristike debljine u djece. U drugom dijelu rada obrađeni su okolišni čimbenici debljine u djece. Analizirani su tjelesna aktivnost, prehrambene navike, gledanje televizije i korištenje drugih elektroničkih uređaja, te utjecaj duljine spavanja i dojenja na razvoj debljine u djece. Čimbenici tjelesna aktivnost i prehrambene navike su detaljnije razrađeni. Pod čimbenikom tjelesna aktivnost analizirani su način prijevoza djeteta do škole, tjelesna aktivnost u školi, sudjelovanje djeteta u izvannastavnim aktivnostima te aktivna igra. Prehrambene navike su pri analizi podijeljene na doručkovanje, prehranu u školi i prehranu u obitelji. Na temelju podataka navedenih u radu, možemo zaključiti da Hrvatska ima velik problem s debljinom u djece na koju znatno utječu okolišni čimbenici, poput nedostatka tjelesne aktivnosti, neredovitog doručkovanja, dostupnosti nezdravih namirnica u školi i kod kuće te puno vremena provedenog pred zaslonom. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Today, obesity in children is one of major health problems worldwide. Obesity, defined as excessive accumulation of fat in the body, is known to be a risk factor for many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, malignant diseases and others. Factors that lead to obesity in children are genetic, behavioral, environmental, social, psychological and cultural. However, environmental factors are considered to be a leading contributor to the high prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide. The obesogenic environment is characterized by the increasing availability of unhealthy food and sedentary behavior with accompanying activities, such as the use of various electronic devices. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the obesogenic environment schoolchildren in Croatia are exposed to. The study is divided into two parts. In the first part of the study obesity is defined. Also, its etiology, epidemiology and the characteristics of childhood obesity are described. The second part of the study deals with the environmental factors that cause obesity in children. Physical activity, eating habits, watching television and the use of other electronic devices, as well as the effect of sleep length and breastfeeding on the development of childhood obesity have been analyzed. The factors of physical activity and eating habits have been further elaborated. With regard to physical activity factors, a child’s method of travel to and from school, physical activity at school, participation in extracurricular sports activities and active play habits have been investigated. Eating habits have been analyzed in terms of breakfast eating, school nutrition and home nutrition. Based on the data presented in the study, we can conclude that Croatia has a major problem with obesity in children, which is significantly influenced by the environmental factors, such as a lack of physical activity, irregular breakfast eating habits, availability of unhealthy food both at school and at home, and too much time spent in front of a screen. |
