Naslov Uloga vitamina B9 u prevenciji bolesti Naslov (engleski) Role of vitamin B9 in disease prevention Autor Petra Orlić Mentor Jasna Pucarin-Cvetković (mentor)Član povjerenstva Milan Milošević (predsjednik povjerenstva)Član povjerenstva Jagoda Doko Jelinić (član povjerenstva)Član povjerenstva Jasna Pucarin-Cvetković (član povjerenstva)Ustanova koja je dodijelila Sveučilište u Zagrebu Datum i država obrane 2017-07-14, Hrvatska Znanstveno / umjetničko BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO Sažetak Vitamin B9 ili folat spada u skupinu esencijalnih vitamina neophodnih za rast i razvitak organizma. Folatima nazivamo prirodne spojeve u hrani i sintetske pripravke poput folne kiseline. Razlika između ova dva oblika jest u većoj stabilnosti i bioraspoloživosti sintetskih pripravaka. Folati sudjeluju u reakcijama sinteze purina i pirimidina, glavnih sastavnica deoksiribonukleinske kiseline (DNA) te uz to sudjeluju u metabolizmu nekih aminokiselina od kojih je najznačajnija metionin.
Izvor vitamina B9 je povrće, i to posebice zeleno lisnato povrće, voće, žitarice i iznutrice. Meso nije značajan izvor vitamina B9. Do deficita vitamina B9 može doći uslijed nedostatnog unosa hranom, povećanih metaboličkih potreba ili zbog malapsorpcije. Saznanjem da peri i prekoncepcijski unos folne kiseline pomaže u sprečavanju defekata neuralne cijevi, ženama generativne dobi i trudnicama preporuča se unos folne kiseline u koncentraciji od 400 mikrograma na dan. Osim prevencije defekata neuralne cijevi, vitamin B9 također pomaže u sprečavanju anemije u trudnoći. Uslijed nedostatka vitamina B9 može doći do megaloblastične anemije, poremećaja u metabolizmu aminokiseline metionina i samim time povišenja međuprodukta - homocisteina. Povišene koncentracije homocisteina dovode do oštećenja endotela krvnih žila te se hiperhomocisteinemija povezuje s povećanom incidencijom koronarne bolesti, infarkta miokarda, periferne arterijske bolesti i cerebrovaskularnog inzulta. Jedna od mogućih posljedica deficita vitamina B9 i povišene koncentracije homocisteina jest i oštećenje kognitivnih funkcija. Depresija i Alzheimerova bolest jedne su od najučestalijih posljedica uzrokovanih nedostatkom vitamina B9. Deficit vitamina B9 dovodi se i u vezu s povećanom učestalošću nekih karcinoma poput kolorektalnog karcinoma, karcinoma prostate, ovarija, dojke, pluća, karcinoma pankreasa i melanoma. Zbog pojačane ekspresije folatnih receptora na površini ovih tumorskih stanica postoje strategije kako bi se taj vitamin mogao upotrijebiti u kemoterapiji navedenih tumora.
Sažetak (engleski) Vitamin B9 or folate is one of the vitamins essential for growth and development of the human organism. What we call folates are either natural compounds found in food or synthetic compounds such as folic acid. The difference between these two compounds is in the fact that synthetic compounds are more stable and have a greater bioavailability. Folates are necessary for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine which make up deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They also have a role in amino acid metabolism, the most important amino acid being methionine. Sources of vitamin B9 are vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, fruits, cereals and offal. Meat is not a good source of vitamin B9. Vitamin B9 deficiency can occur because of inadequate dietary intake of folate, increased metabolic need for folate or its malabsorption. Knowing that folic acid intake during the preconceptional or periconceptional period helps prevent neural tube defects, it is recommended that women in their generative age as well as pregnant women take 400 micrograms of folic acid per day. Besides preventing neural tube defects, vitamin B9 helps prevent anemia in pregnancy. Vitamin B9 deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia, a methionine metabolism disorder which results in increased levels of homocysteine. Increased levels of homocysteine can damage vascular endothelial cells. That is why hyperhomocysteinemia is connected with the increased incidence of coronary disease, myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease and stroke. One of the possible consequences of folate deficiency and an increased level of homocysteine is cognitive impairment. Depression and Alzheimer's disease are among the most common consequences of folate deficiency. Folate deficiency is also associated with the increased incidence of certain types of cancer such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and melanoma. Since folate receptors are overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells, there are strategies for using folates in chemotherapy.
Ključne riječi
vitamin B9
trudnoća
kognitivne bolesti
kardiovaskularne bolesti
karcinom
prevencija
Ključne riječi (engleski)
vitamin B9
pregnancy
cognitive diseases
cardiovascular diseases
cancers
prevention
Jezik hrvatski URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:545333 Studijski program Naziv: Medicina Vrsta resursa Tekst Način izrade datoteke Izvorno digitalna Prava pristupa Otvoreni pristup Uvjeti korištenja Datum i vrijeme pohrane 2017-11-03 11:58:44
