| Sažetak | Non-communicable diseases continue to dominate the overall burden of disease in the world. They are responsible for most of the deaths globally. The majority of premature deaths (82%) are in low- and middle-income countries, especially among adults aged 30-69 years. In Kosova until recently, no reliable epidemiological data were available on the prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases in adults. The overall objective of the study is to describe and analyze the distribution of chronic disease risk factors and specific determinants of health in Kosova. In order to contribute to policy and programme recommendations on public health and improvement organization of health care services. The population-based survey of non-communicable diseases risks factors started in September 2010 by adopting the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPs Instrument. The data collection was completed in March 2011. At that time the census of population in Kosova wasn’t conducted. Therefore the data for households according to the settlements from Statistical Agency of Kosova for 2008 were used. In total seven regions, 30 municipalities and 1464 settlements. Out of 6,400 persons planned for research, 6,117 were included which is approximately 95.6%. Blood glucose and total cholesterol were measured on the sample of 796 which were a subsample of 6117 respondents. The results showed that the prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases in Kosova is high. The prevalence of current smoking 28.4%, current drinkers 8.4%, low fruit and vegetable intake 86.5%, physical inactivity 36.1%, overweight 33.7%, obesity 19.2%, hypertension 36.2% and diabetes 7.7% and hypercholesterolemia 35.6%. We found that the risk factors for hypertension, diabetes and obesity were increasing with age, but they are also prevalent and in young ages. Educational attainment is still a strong predictor of health behaviour. We found the correlation between educational status and prevalence of all risk factors. Marital status has also the significant impact of all risks factors except physical inactivity. According to the place of residence, we found that the smoking and alcohol use is more prevalent in urban areas. Hypertension and raised blood glucose in rural areas. The prevalence of alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes and obesity and overweight was moderated by income. In prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity has significant impact gender. The prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases in Kosova is higher compared to other states and was moderated by socio-economic determinants education, marital status, residence and income. Multi-sectorial approach to reducing the impact of chronic non-communicable disease on morbidity and mortality in Kosova is imperative over the next decade. |
| Sažetak (hrvatski) | Kronične bolesti i dalje predstavljaju globalni teret bolesti u svijetu. Oni su odgovorni za većinu smrti na globalnoj razini. Većina preranih smrti (82%) događa se u zemljama s niskim i srednjim dohotkom, osobito među odraslim osobama u dobi od 30-69 godina. U Kosovu donedavno nije bilo dostupnih pouzdanih epidemioloških podataka o prevalenciji čimbenika rizika za kronične bolesti u odraslih osoba. Opći cilj studije je bio opisati i analizirati raspodjelu kroničnih čimbenika rizika bolesti i specifičnih determinanti zdravlja u Kosovu, čime se doprinosi preporukama o politici i programu javnog zdravstva i poboljšanju organiziranja zdravstvene zaštite. U rujnu 2010. započeto je istraživanje o ne-zaraznim bolestima na populaciji usvajanjem instrumenta STEPs Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, a prikupljanje podataka dovršeno je u ožujku 2011. godine. U to vrijeme nije proveden popis stanovništva na Kosovu, pa su korišteni podaci za kućanstva prema naseljima iz Statističke agencije Kosova za 2008. godinu, ukupno sedam regija, 30 općina i 1464 naselja. Od 6400 osoba planiranih za istraživanje, uključeno je 6117, što je oko 95,6%. Glukoza u krvi i ukupni kolesterol izmjereni su na uzorku od 796 od 6117 ispitanika. Rezultati su pokazali da je prevalencija čimbenika rizika za kronične bolesti na Kosovu visoka. Prevalencija pušenja 28,4%, konzumacija alkohola 8,4%, niski udio voća i povrća u prehrani 86,5%, fizička neaktivnost 36,1%, težina 33,7%, prekomjerna tjelesna težina 19,2%, hipertenzija 36,2%, dijabetes 7,7% i hiperkolesterolemija 35,6%. Otkrili smo da čimbenici rizika poput hipertenzije, dijabetesa i prkomjerna tjelesna težina povećavaju s dobi, ali su također prisutni i u mlađim dobnim skupinama. Obrazovanje još je uvijek snažan prediktor za zdravstveno ponašanje i ustanovili smo korelaciju između obrazovnog statusa i prevalencije svih čimbenika rizika. Također, bračni status ima značajan utjecaj na sve čimbenike rizika, osim fizičke neaktivnosti. Prema mjestu prebivališta ustanovili smo da pušenje i konzumacija alkohola više prevladava u urbanim područjima, hipertenzija i povišenje glukoze u krvi u ruralnim područjima. Prevalencija konzumacije alkohola, hipertenzije, dijabetesa i pretilosti i prekomjerne tjelesne težine moderirana je prihodima. U prevalenciji pušenja, konzumacija alkohola, fizička neaktivnost, prekomjerna tjelesna težina i pretilost pokazuju značajne razlike s obzirom na spol. Prevalencija čimbenika rizika za kronične bolesti u Kosovu veća je u usporedbi s drugim državama, a moderirana su obrazovanjem, socio-ekonomskim odrednicama, bračnim stanjem, prebivalištem i dohotkom. Višesektorski pristup smanjenju utjecaja kronične bolesti na morbiditet i smrtnost u Kosovu imperativ je u sljedećem desetljeću. |
